Milestones and Standard Values for German as a first language:
- Some letters and sounds are easier (e.g. vowels, b, d, m, n…) and some are more difficult to build / pronounce (e.g. s, sch, z)
- 2-3 word sentences can be formed by the age of 2-3
- Vocabulary is constantly expanding
- At the age of 5-6 sound formation should be completed!
- At the age of 5-6 subordinate clauses, correct grammatical forms (plural, passiv,… ) can be formed!
Warning signs:
- Avoidance of speak
- Repeated stuttering with strong blockages
- At the age of 2-3 little or no speech, inability to follow simple instructions
- At the age of 4-5 unclear speech, parents need to repeat and explain to strangers what the child has said, issues with sentence formation
- By school age all sounds should be pronounced and perceived correctly!
Language versus Speech Disorders:
Language Disorders: Caused by the brain, affects language structure and abilities ( e.g. Speech development disorders/delays, Dysgrammatism…)
Speech Disorders: Issues wit sound production, articulation, pronunciation, speech fluency (e.g. Sigmatism, Schetism, letter substitutions, replacements or omissions)
Causes:
- Organic
- Functional
- Psychosocial
What should be tested
- Hearing
- Tooth position
- Tongue mobility
What is considered helpful?
- Talk to your child in your mother tongue
- Read books aloud
- Promote language through rhymes, finger games, rhythms and role play
- Show patience
- Provide positive feedback
Tips for oral motor skills
- Offer your child a whole apple, raw carrots, nuts…
> intensive chewing is a perfect oral motor exercise
- Blowing and suction exercises (use straws, blowing bubbles, inflating ballons,… )
- Chew sugar/free chewing gums
- Whistle and clicking songs together
Exkursus: Tongue rest position
Tip of tongue lies behind the upper row of teeth
Exkursus: Mouth closure
Lack of mouth closure – result in mouth breathing
Importance of nasal breathing to clean and warm the air > prevents diseases
Conclusion
- If you have any doubts: Seek early advice from experts!
- Importance of early support!
